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References
· From Bats to Pigs to Man: the Story of Nipah Virus. (2002). http://journals.lww.com/infectdis/Abstract/2002/02000/FROM_BATS_TO_PIGS_TO_MAN__THE_STORY_OF_NIPAH_VIRUS.3.aspx
· Bat flight and zoonotic viruses. (2014). http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4012789/
· A comparison of bats and rodents as reservoirs of zoonotic viruses: are bats special? (2013): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23378666
· Comparative analysis of bat genomes provides insight into the evolution of flight and immunity (2012): http://www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6118/456
· Bats and Emerging Zoonoses: Henipaviruses and SARS (2009): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19497090
· Ecology of Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in Bats: Current Knowledge and Future Directions (2013): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22958281
· Bats and their virome: an important source of emerging viruses capable of infecting humans (2013): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23265969
· Mass extinctions, biodiversity and mitochondrial function: are bats ‘special’ as reservoirs for emerging viruses? (2011): http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1879625711001325
· Bats as a continuing source of emerging infections in humans (2007): http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17042030
· Economic Importance of Bats in Agriculture. (2011). http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/16441323/226771198/name/Economic_Importance_of_Bats_in_Agriculture.pdf
· Concerns about extrapolating right off the bat, (2011). http://www.uvm.edu/giee/pubpdfs/Fisher_2011_Science.pdf
· Guinea: Government Bans Bat Soup to Halt Ebola Outbreak. (2014). http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/27/world/africa/guinea-government-bans-bat-soup-to-halt-ebola-outbreak.html?_r=0
· Bat Health Critical To Human Health. (2014). http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/14/bat-health-mers-virus-disease-conservation_n_3437203.html
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How to Obtain a Nasopharyngeal Swab Specimen for COVID-19 suspected patients
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Corona Virus Disease / COVID-19: Facts and figures for Public Awareness
How COVID-19 Spreads
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Person-to-person spread
The virus is thought to spread mainly from person-to-person.
Between people who are in close contact with one another (within about 6 feet).
Through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs.
Can someone spread the virus without being sick?
People are thought to be most contagious when they are most symptomatic (the sickest).
Some spread might be possible before people show symptoms; there have been reports of this occurring with this new coronavirus, but this is not thought to be the main way the virus spreads.
Spread from contact with contaminated surfaces or objects
It may be possible that a person can get COVID-19 by touching a surface or object that has the virus on it and then touching their own mouth, nose, or possibly their eyes, but this is not thought to be the main way the virus spreads.
How easily the virus spreads
How easily a virus spreads from person-to-person can vary. Some viruses are highly contagious (spread easily), like measles, while other viruses do not spread as easily. Another factor is whether the spread is sustained, spreading continually without stopping.
Respirators
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Should I wear a respirator in public?
CDC does not recommend the routine use of respirators outside of workplace settings (in the community). Most often, spread of respiratory viruses from person-to-person happens among close contacts (within 6 feet). CDC recommends everyday preventive actions to prevent the spread of respiratory viruses, such as avoiding people who are sick, avoiding touching your eyes or nose, and covering your cough or sneeze with a tissue. People who are sick should stay home and not go into crowded public places or visit people in hospitals. Workers who are sick should follow CDC guidelines and stay home when they are sick.
What is a respirator?
A respirator is a personal protective device that is worn on the face or head and covers at least the nose and mouth. A respirator is used to reduce the wearer’s risk of inhaling hazardous airborne particles (including infectious agents), gases or vapors. Respirators, including those intended for use in healthcare settings, are certified by the CDC/NIOSH.
What is an N95 filtering facepiece respirator (FFR)?
An N95 FFR is a type of respirator which removes particles from the air that are breathed through it. These respirators filter out at least 95% of very small (0.3 micron) particles. N95 FFRs are capable of filtering out all types of particles, including bacteria and viruses.
Checklist to Get Ready
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As a family, you can plan and make decisions now that will protect you and your family during a COVID-19 outbreak.
Stay informed and in touch
Get up-to-date information about local COVID-19 activity from public health officials
Ask your neighbors what their plan includes.
Create a list of local organizations you and your household can contact in case you need access to information, healthcare services, support, and resources.
Create an emergency contact list including family, friends, neighbors, carpool drivers, healthcare providers, teachers, employers, the local public health department, and other community resources.
Prepare for possible illness
Consider members of the household that may be at greater risk such as older adults and people with severe chronic illnesses.
Choose a room in your house that can be used to separate sick household members from others.
Take everyday preventive steps
Wash your hands frequently
Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth.
Stay home when you are sick.
Cover your cough or sneeze with a tissue, then throw the tissue in the trash.
Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces Be prepared if your child’s school or childcare facility is temporarily dismissed or for potential changes at your workplace.
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